Bullion Bulletin

Rotary Piercing for High-Quality Titanium Tubing

Rotary piercing is an effective process that is widely used among metal manufacturing companies. The metal manufacturers use rotary piercing to create very high quality seamless metal tubing that other industries can use them for machining parts and other uses. The resulting tube does not have micro-cracks in it as most other tubing gains through simpler forging processes, so this tubing can be used to transfer very low-molecular-weight fluids through it without leaking. There are two methods of performing rotary piercing: The Mannesmann Process and The Stiefel Process.

In the simplest form of the process, Mannesmann Rotary Piercing consists of two convex-shaped rollers that are placed at a slightly smaller distance apart from each other than the diameter of the resulting tube. The rollers are tapered, meaning they are not horizontally parallel, however they are a few degrees twisted from each other’s axes to help provide rotation. They rotate in the same direction, while the shaft rotates in the opposite direction. A shaft of very hot metal (in many cases, titanium) is then pushed between the two rotating rollers. Once the shaft reaches the convex-shaped section of the rollers, it then becomes compressed and fissures begin to form on the outer surface of the shaft. These fissures are formed in a circumferential pattern due to the tapered orientation of the rollers, and normally would cause the structural integrity of the tubing to become greatly decreased.

At the same rate, a mandrel (hollowing dowel) greets the shaft of hot metal at the exiting half of the convex section of the rollers. The mandrel itself must be the same diameter as the inside of the tubing, because it serves to hollow out a previously solid shaft. The mandrel begins hollowing out the shaft, but also serves to apply inner pressure to fuse the fissures that were formed by the rollers. This strengthens the tubing and also makes it very solid and dense, having very few stress points and also not allowing materials of low molecular weight to seep out through any parts of the tube.

Once the entire shaft has been pushed through the rollers and mandrel, it is then cooled to room temperature. To reduce the amount of fissures that form at this stage of manufacturing, at first the metal is allowed to cool several hundred degrees Fahrenheit in the air, and is then dropped in water to cool the remaining amount of heat until room temperature. Remaining changes and adjustments are made without heating the tube up to thousands of degrees again.

The other form of Rotary Piercing, which is called the Stiefel Process, is very similar in fashion to Mannesmann Rotary Piercing. The process is the same, although conical disks are used in place of a convex surface. This allows the manufacturer to make larger-diameter tubing. Many titanium manufacturers use these two methods to create high quality pipes for industrial scenarios, and even offer these pipes in different grades and alloys of titanium as well.  The Mannesman and Stiefel rotary piercing processes are two of the most common and best processes for manufacturing high-quality seamless titanium tubing.

About the Author

Al Rat is a Houston native who simply loves writing.  I enjoy writing articles about anything and everything that interests me – I hope others will be interested too!

For more information on titanium tube, titanium bar or titanium machined components, check out one of my favorite manufacturers, Titanium Engineers, at www.titaniumengineers.com

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America/Europa Camelia Swivel Bar Stool – Metal Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Galanga, Seat Height: 34 $342 AMC1234: Features: -Bar height swivel stool.-Tubular steel frame. Options: -Available in multiple metal finishes and fabric options. Construction: -Welded steel construction and upholstered cushion. Assembly Instructions: -Assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height: 30” H.-Overall dimensions: 47” H x 18” W x 22” D. Collection: -America and Europa Collection. Warranty: -10 year limited warranty.

Aramis 34.5 Swivel Tall Bar Stool – Seat Type: Fabric – Skin 16, Finish: Titanium $316 Pictured with crocodile black fabric and a black finish – WB1007: Features: -Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 33.5”.-Upholstered seat height: 34.5”.-Overall Dimensions: 50”H x 20.25”W x 28”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Aramis 34.5 Swivel Tall Bar Stool – Seat Type: Fabric – Tumble Weed Black, Finish: Titanium $316 Pictured with crocodile black fabric and a black finish – WB1007: Features: -Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 33.5”.-Upholstered seat height: 34.5”.-Overall Dimensions: 50”H x 20.25”W x 28”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Aramis 34.5 Swivel Tall Bar Stool – Seat Type: Leather – Saddle, Finish: Titanium $418 Pictured with crocodile black fabric and a black finish – WB1007: Features: -Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 33.5”.-Upholstered seat height: 34.5”.-Overall Dimensions: 50”H x 20.25”W x 28”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Art 30 Custom Back Swivel Bar Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Bamboo Teak, Seat Back Theme: Wine $208 Pictured with skin 25 fabric, metal Sienna finish, and fisherman back – WB1012: Features: -Stenciled art seat back.-Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 29”.-Upholstered seat height: 30”.-Overall Dimensions: 42.375”H x 17”W x 19”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Art 30 Custom Back Swivel Bar Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Dakota 20, Seat Back Theme: Wine $208 Pictured with skin 25 fabric, metal Sienna finish, and fisherman back – WB1012: Features: -Stenciled art seat back.-Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 29”.-Upholstered seat height: 30”.-Overall Dimensions: 42.375”H x 17”W x 19”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Art 30 Custom Back Swivel Bar Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Dakota 66, Seat Back Theme: Wine $208 Pictured with skin 25 fabric, metal Sienna finish, and fisherman back – WB1012: Features: -Stenciled art seat back.-Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 29”.-Upholstered seat height: 30”.-Overall Dimensions: 42.375”H x 17”W x 19”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Art 30 Custom Back Swivel Bar Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Moonstone Linen, Seat Back Theme: Wine $208 Pictured with skin 25 fabric, metal Sienna finish, and fisherman back – WB1012: Features: -Stenciled art seat back.-Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 29”.-Upholstered seat height: 30”.-Overall Dimensions: 42.375”H x 17”W x 19”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Art 30 Custom Back Swivel Bar Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Leather – Red, Seat Back Theme: Wine $290 Pictured with skin 25 fabric, metal Sienna finish, and fisherman back – WB1012: Features: -Stenciled art seat back.-Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 29”.-Upholstered seat height: 30”.-Overall Dimensions: 42.375”H x 17”W x 19”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Arthur II 26 Swivel Counter Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Dakota 89 $358 Pictured with a tiki bar sand fabric and metal copper finish – WB1013: Features: -Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Armrests for added support.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 25”.-Upholstered seat height: 26”.-Overall Dimensions: 42”H x 22.75”W x 24”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Arthur II 26 Swivel Counter Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Moonstone Linen $358 Pictured with a tiki bar sand fabric and metal copper finish – WB1013: Features: -Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Armrests for added support.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 25”.-Upholstered seat height: 26”.-Overall Dimensions: 42”H x 22.75”W x 24”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Arthur II 26 Swivel Counter Stool – Finish: Titanium, Seat Type: Fabric – Nature 6 $358 Pictured with a tiki bar sand fabric and metal copper finish – WB1013: Features: -Solid Birch wood seat option.-Memory Swivel option.-Armrests for added support.-Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non- toxic paint.-High-temperature baked powder coating.-Product as pictured may vary slightly from swatches. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel. Assembly Instructions: -Easy assembly of base, swivel, seat, and back using 6-8 screws. Dimensions: -Wood seat height: 25”.-Upholstered seat height: 26”.-Overall Dimensions: 42”H x 22.75”W x 24”D. Warranty: -Residential application warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-Commercial application warranty is 1 year on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-If commercial application is not chosen, stools used in business will only have a 30 day warranty. Disclaimer: -Please note, Trica requires a signature on all residential deliveries.

Benjamin 27.25 Swivel Counter Stool – Seat Type: Fabric – Bamboo Spring, Finish: Titanium, Seat Back Finish: Mahogany $200 Swivel counter stool shown in Skin 9006 suede with Titanium metal finish and Cinnamon crest rail – WB1236: Features: -Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non-toxic paint.-Attractive design with wood crest rail fits well in most decorating styles. Options: -Benjamin 31.25” Swivel Bar Stoolalso available. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel construction. Color/Finish: -Shown in ”Skin 9006” suede with ”Titanium” metal finish and ”Cinnamon” crest rail.-Many fabrics and finishes to choose from.-Choose from four wood colors for back panel.-High-temperature baked powder coating for a long-lasting finish. Assembly Instructions: -Minimal assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height 27.25” H.-Overall dimensions: 41.25” H x 17” W x 19.5” D. Warranty: -Residential warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-No commercial warranty available.

Benjamin 27.25 Swivel Counter Stool – Seat Type: Fabric – Sonny Natural, Finish: Meteor, Seat Back Finish: Cinnamon $200 Swivel counter stool shown in Skin 9006 suede with Titanium metal finish and Cinnamon crest rail – WB1236: Features: -Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non-toxic paint.-Attractive design with wood crest rail fits well in most decorating styles. Options: -Benjamin 31.25” Swivel Bar Stoolalso available. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel construction. Color/Finish: -Shown in ”Skin 9006” suede with ”Titanium” metal finish and ”Cinnamon” crest rail.-Many fabrics and finishes to choose from.-Choose from four wood colors for back panel.-High-temperature baked powder coating for a long-lasting finish. Assembly Instructions: -Minimal assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height 27.25” H.-Overall dimensions: 41.25” H x 17” W x 19.5” D. Warranty: -Residential warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-No commercial warranty available.

Benjamin 27.25 Swivel Counter Stool – Seat Type: Fabric – Sonny Obsidian, Finish: Glossy White, Seat Back Finish: Natural $200 Swivel counter stool shown in Skin 9006 suede with Titanium metal finish and Cinnamon crest rail – WB1236: Features: -Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non-toxic paint.-Attractive design with wood crest rail fits well in most decorating styles. Options: -Benjamin 31.25” Swivel Bar Stoolalso available. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel construction. Color/Finish: -Shown in ”Skin 9006” suede with ”Titanium” metal finish and ”Cinnamon” crest rail.-Many fabrics and finishes to choose from.-Choose from four wood colors for back panel.-High-temperature baked powder coating for a long-lasting finish. Assembly Instructions: -Minimal assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height 27.25” H.-Overall dimensions: 41.25” H x 17” W x 19.5” D. Warranty: -Residential warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-No commercial warranty available.

Benjamin 27.25 Swivel Counter Stool – Seat Type: Fabric – Tiki Bar Blueberry, Finish: Meteor, Seat Back Finish: Unfinished $200 Swivel counter stool shown in Skin 9006 suede with Titanium metal finish and Cinnamon crest rail – WB1236: Features: -Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non-toxic paint.-Attractive design with wood crest rail fits well in most decorating styles. Options: -Benjamin 31.25” Swivel Bar Stoolalso available. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel construction. Color/Finish: -Shown in ”Skin 9006” suede with ”Titanium” metal finish and ”Cinnamon” crest rail.-Many fabrics and finishes to choose from.-Choose from four wood colors for back panel.-High-temperature baked powder coating for a long-lasting finish. Assembly Instructions: -Minimal assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height 27.25” H.-Overall dimensions: 41.25” H x 17” W x 19.5” D. Warranty: -Residential warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-No commercial warranty available.

Benjamin 27.25 Swivel Counter Stool – Seat Type: Fabric – Tiki Bar Blueberry, Finish: Platinum, Seat Back Finish: Unfinished $200 Swivel counter stool shown in Skin 9006 suede with Titanium metal finish and Cinnamon crest rail – WB1236: Features: -Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non-toxic paint.-Attractive design with wood crest rail fits well in most decorating styles. Options: -Benjamin 31.25” Swivel Bar Stoolalso available. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel construction. Color/Finish: -Shown in ”Skin 9006” suede with ”Titanium” metal finish and ”Cinnamon” crest rail.-Many fabrics and finishes to choose from.-Choose from four wood colors for back panel.-High-temperature baked powder coating for a long-lasting finish. Assembly Instructions: -Minimal assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height 27.25” H.-Overall dimensions: 41.25” H x 17” W x 19.5” D. Warranty: -Residential warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-No commercial warranty available.

Benjamin 27.25 Swivel Counter Stool – Seat Type: Vinyl – Zora Slate, Finish: Desert, Seat Back Finish: Cinnamon $200 Swivel counter stool shown in Skin 9006 suede with Titanium metal finish and Cinnamon crest rail – WB1236: Features: -Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non-toxic paint.-Attractive design with wood crest rail fits well in most decorating styles. Options: -Benjamin 31.25” Swivel Bar Stoolalso available. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel construction. Color/Finish: -Shown in ”Skin 9006” suede with ”Titanium” metal finish and ”Cinnamon” crest rail.-Many fabrics and finishes to choose from.-Choose from four wood colors for back panel.-High-temperature baked powder coating for a long-lasting finish. Assembly Instructions: -Minimal assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height 27.25” H.-Overall dimensions: 41.25” H x 17” W x 19.5” D. Warranty: -Residential warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-No commercial warranty available.

Benjamin 27.25 Swivel Counter Stool – Seat Type: Vinyl – Zora Slate, Finish: Silver, Seat Back Finish: Espresso $200 Swivel counter stool shown in Skin 9006 suede with Titanium metal finish and Cinnamon crest rail – WB1236: Features: -Durable and efficient welding joints.-Lead-free, environmentally safe, non-toxic paint.-Attractive design with wood crest rail fits well in most decorating styles. Options: -Benjamin 31.25” Swivel Bar Stoolalso available. Construction: -Heavy-gauge steel construction. Color/Finish: -Shown in ”Skin 9006” suede with ”Titanium” metal finish and ”Cinnamon” crest rail.-Many fabrics and finishes to choose from.-Choose from four wood colors for back panel.-High-temperature baked powder coating for a long-lasting finish. Assembly Instructions: -Minimal assembly required. Dimensions: -Seat height 27.25” H.-Overall dimensions: 41.25” H x 17” W x 19.5” D. Warranty: -Residential warranty is 10 years on metal structure and 1 year on fabric.-No commercial warranty available.